![]() New York: Columbia University Press 2012. Craving earth: understanding pica, the urge to eat clay, starch, ice and chalk. Fifteen minute consultation: the child with pica. Hapticophagia: tactile chew cravings in iron deficiency anemia. Scheckel C, Acik D, Ravindan A, Marshall A, Go R. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing 2022 Jan. Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: Īl Nasser Y, Muco E, Alsaad AJ. The possibility that pica is a form of addiction analogous to food cravings is introduced and suggested as an area for further research pursuits. Pharmacological management and behavior modification strategies are also discussed. SummaryĮtiological hypotheses for pica are explored with a focus on neurobiological, neuroimaging, and psychiatric correlations. Picas associated with ASD are resistant to medications but can be treated with applied behavioral analysis therapy (ABA). However, the strong association of pica with iron deficiency anemia (IDA) lends credence to the hypothesis that dopamine transmission may be disrupted in this disorder. Some variants of non-nutritive consumption are prevalent behavioral norms in non-western cultures, so not all picas should be considered pathological. This article reviews the association of pica with pregnancy, micronutrient deficiencies, psychiatric disorders, dementia, and developmental disorders with emphasis on autism spectrum disorders (ASD). More specifically such ingestions must be unremitting for at least 1 month and occur at a developmentally inconsistent age for such behavior. ![]() Pica is defined by the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 5th edition (DSM 5) as the ongoing ingestion of materials with no nutritive or food value. ![]()
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